| Mothers' employment and childcare use. This presentation reveals that mothers still face substantial hurdles in undertaking paid employment. For those who do manage to work, childcare arrangements are a diverse mixture of carers, cost and quality. Government initiatives to increase the availability of childcare places have a substantial shortfall to address while measures to increase the "affordability" of care, such as the Working Families Tax Credit, may have limited impact on the work choices of mothers. | By Institute for Fiscal Research, UK. | Education Policy Resource. |
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| The Returns to Education. This paper reviews the literature that has tried to estimate the impact of human capital on national economic growth, or, in other words, the returns to education that accrue at the macro-economic level. The potential economic externalities to education should, in principle, be captured at this level of aggregation. The larger are these social returns, the greater is the prima facie case for channelling public resources into education. "The returns to education: a review of the empirical macro-economic literature" by Barbara Sianesi and John Van Reenen. | By Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK. | Education Policy Resource. |
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| Public Investment in Public Services. The UK's Labour government has been at pains to stress the importance of public investment on the grounds that it provides the infrastructure that is a prerequisite for improvements in output and growth and is necessary both to supply and to enhance public services. This note looks at Britain's public investment over the last 25 years and identifies trends in the various spending areas. "Twenty-Five Years of Falling Investment? Trends in Capital Spending on Public Services" by Tom Clark, Mike Elsby and Sarah Love. | By Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK. | Education Policy Resource. |
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| School Vouchers and Performance. An important issue in the debate on voucher systems and school choice is what effects competition from independent schools will have on public schools. Sweden has made a radical reform of its system for financing schools. Independent and public schools operate on close to equal terms under a voucher system covering all children. The findings of this paper support the hypothesis that school results in public schools improve due to competition. "School Vouchers in Practice: Competition Won't Hurt You!" by F. Mikael Sandström and Fredrik Bergström. | By IUI, The Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Sweden. | Education Policy Resource. |
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