Earned Income Tax Credit These surveys analyse the geographical location of the recipients of the Earned Income Tax Credit - the US precursor to the UK Working Families Tax Credit. In several cities it is suggested that a local EITC could complement the federal tax credit and provide additional help to working families. For example, New Jersey has recently enacted a refundable state-level tax credit which matches the federal credit at 15%. The Brookings Institution also recommend that cities run education and outreach campaigns, similar to that carried out by Chicago, in order to increase the take up of the EITC. Other useful EITC sites can be found at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities EITC Analyses and the Joint Center for Poverty Research EITC Information Clearinghouse" is published by the The Brookings Institution

By The Brookings Institution ,US

Welfare and Social Security Policy

Welfare Reform & Lone Mothers' Employment The 1990s in the US saw the devolution of much of welfare policy to State level, the introduction of work requirements for welfare recipients, increased childcare provision and a rise in the Earned Income Tax Credit. These reforms were introduced to move lone mothers into work - by mandating work, making work pay and helping with childcare - and the evidence presented here suggests that they did just that. Between 1994 and 1995 the numbers of people on welfare fell by half from 5million to 2.5 million. Over the same period labour force participation of lone mothers increased by 10%. Analysis suggests that this was due to a combination of two factors - the welfare reforms and the strong US economy. By Jane Waldfogel, Sandra K. Danziger, Sheldon Danziger and Kristin Seefeldt of the UK based Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion. Also worth viewing is the Urban Institute's Assessing the New Federalism project, which, amongst other things, tests the impact of lone parents' moves into work on child poverty. " is published by the Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion

By Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion ,UK

Welfare and Social Security Policy

Universal Unified Child Credit A proposal from the Economic Policy Institute to integrate the Earned Income Tax Credit with other US tax benefits and allowances. Detailed but concise, this paper addresses issues such as the high marginal tax rates, the marriage penalty and the complexity of application associated with the EITC. By Robert Cherry and Max B. Sawicky." is published by the Economic Policy Institute

By Economic Policy Institute ,US

Welfare and Social Security Policy

Dynamics of Child Poverty in UK and Germany . Britain has a higher proportion of children living in low income families than Germany. However this may not be so important if analysis of poverty dynamics shows that families move out of poverty easily or dip into poverty only momentarily. However, The Dynamics of Child Poverty: Britain and Germany Compared demonstrates that, compared to Germany, in Britain poor children are more likely to remain poor and to remain so for longer periods of time. By Stephen P. Jenkins, Christian Schluter and Gert G. Wagner.

By Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung ,Germany & UK.

Welfare and Social Security Policy Resource.

Mothers' employment and childcare use. This presentation reveals that mothers still face substantial hurdles in undertaking paid employment. For those who do manage to work, childcare arrangements are a diverse mixture of carers, cost and quality. Government initiatives to increase the availability of childcare places have a substantial shortfall to address while measures to increase the "affordability" of care, such as the Working Families Tax Credit, may have limited impact on the work choices of mothers.

By Institute for Fiscal Research, UK.

Education Policy Resource.