| Ability, Parental Background and Education Policy: Empirical Evidence from a Social Experiment . Following the great expansion of secondary education in the United States between 1910 and 1940, Sweden was one of the first Western European countries to attempt such an expansion by increasing the years of compulsory schooling and and improving access to academic type education by abolishing early selection. The reform was preceded by a large scale area based social experiment where 25% of the country?s municipalities were assigned to the reform. We use this assignment, together with rich individual data to evaluate this major educational interventions. Our key findings are that this reform increased the educational attainment of individuals with unskilled fathers. In addition it caused significant and large increases in the earnings of those with unskilled fathers and above median ability. By Costas Meghir and Marten Palme. | By Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK. | Education Policy Resource. |
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| Decline in the take-up of modern languages at degree level. The last decade has seen declining numbers of students wishing to study modern foreign languages at degree level and university language departments are experiencing serious falls in recruitment. This inquiry explores the reasons for the decline by seeking answers through research interviews with selected undergraduates and sixth-formers as well as heads of modern languages in schools and modern language programme leaders in the university sector. By Catherine Jane Watts. | By Anglo-German Foundation, UK, Germany. | Education Policy Resource. |
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| Mothers' employment and childcare use. This presentation reveals that mothers still face substantial hurdles in undertaking paid employment. For those who do manage to work, childcare arrangements are a diverse mixture of carers, cost and quality. Government initiatives to increase the availability of childcare places have a substantial shortfall to address while measures to increase the "affordability" of care, such as the Working Families Tax Credit, may have limited impact on the work choices of mothers. | By Institute for Fiscal Research, UK. | Education Policy Resource. |
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| The Returns to Education. This paper reviews the literature that has tried to estimate the impact of human capital on national economic growth, or, in other words, the returns to education that accrue at the macro-economic level. The potential economic externalities to education should, in principle, be captured at this level of aggregation. The larger are these social returns, the greater is the prima facie case for channelling public resources into education. "The returns to education: a review of the empirical macro-economic literature" by Barbara Sianesi and John Van Reenen. | By Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK. | Education Policy Resource. |
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| Public Investment in Public Services. The UK's Labour government has been at pains to stress the importance of public investment on the grounds that it provides the infrastructure that is a prerequisite for improvements in output and growth and is necessary both to supply and to enhance public services. This note looks at Britain's public investment over the last 25 years and identifies trends in the various spending areas. "Twenty-Five Years of Falling Investment? Trends in Capital Spending on Public Services" by Tom Clark, Mike Elsby and Sarah Love. | By Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK. | Education Policy Resource. |
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