| Reform in Morocco The role of political Islamists While the term political Islam is now widely used in the western media and among western policymakers, there is still fairly limited formal engagement with political Islamist parties and movements in areas like the Middle East and North Africa on the part of European and North American governments. There a considerable lack of knowledge and understanding among some western policymakers about political Islam |
By IPPR,UK.
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Welfare and Social Security Policy Resource.
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| Reducing CO2 Through Excise Duties. This paper considers the distributional effects of imposing additional excise duties on energy products according to carbon content. The assumed duties escalate from 1999 to 2010 and achieve levels reducing CO2 emissions by 10 per cent below baseline by 2010 for 11 EU member states. By 2010, real personal disposable incomes are 1.6 per cent above baseline and employment is 1.2 per cent above, assuming that the change is tax-revenue-neutral. The study concludes that the changes will be weakly regressive for nearly all the member states in the study if revenues are used to reduce employers? taxes and strongly progressive if they are given back lump-sum to households. " Equity and ecotax reform in the EU: achieving a 10 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions using excise duties" by Terry Barker and Jonathan Köhler. | By Institute for Fiscal Studies, Europe. | Environment Policy Resource. |
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| Paying for Road Use Instead of taxes upon cars and petrol Governments could price road use. This would more precisely capture the external costs of motoring - both pollution and congestion. This report from the Commission for Integrated Transport outlines a plan to use Global Positioning System technology to charge road users while removing fuel and road taxes. The results are a predicted reduction in congestion on the roads of 44%, a reduction in journey times and a reduction in the amount of traffic by almost 5%. | By Commission for Integrated Transport, UK. | Transport Policy Resource.
| Sanctions and Sweeteners: Rights and Responsibilities in the benefits system Can government use the benefit system to change the behaviour of claimants? The last decade has seen a growing trend for adding new conditions that people must meet to receive benefits. This report dissects the evidence from the UK, US and Europe on the impact of extended benefit conditions on three groups: disabled people, lone parents and anti-social tenants. The authors assess the legitimacy of conditioning welfare benefits on whether claimants behave as the government would like and examine the effectiveness of such conditions in bringing about specific policy goals. By Kate Stanley and Liane Asta Lohde with Stuart White. By the Institute for Public Policy Research | By Institute for Public Policy Research , UK . | Welfare and Social Security Policy Resource. |
| Fit for Purpose The current system of Incapacity Benefit insists on all-or-nothing divisions into work or inactivity, health or ill-health, lack of disability or disability. Such crude reductionism fails to reflect the reality of health problems, disability or work as they are experienced by claimants. ? Incapacity Benefit is failing its claimants on two fronts. It has become a barrier to work as many claimants fear that taking steps towards employment will place their benefits at risk. It also fails to provide a decent income for people who are unable to work because of long-term health problems or disability. Kate Stanley and Dominic Maxwell call for a new benefits framework to create solid foundations for the long term. They set out practical policies to support people with health problems or disability get back to work and deliver a decent standard of living for those who can?t work is published by Institute for Public Policy Research | By Institute for Public Policy Research , UK . | Welfare and Social Security Policy Resource. |
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