| Social Mobility .Usually when measuring the level of inter- generational social mobility in a society researchers measure the social class status of the parents and their children. This paper uses a new way of measuring the social and human capabilities: a composite of education, recent work experience and occupational attainment. Preliminary results using this new technique can be found in "A New Measure of Social Position: Social Mobility and Human Capital in Britain" by Jonathan Gershuny is published by the Institute for Social and Economic Research. | By Institute for Social and Economic Research ,UK. | Welfare and Social Security Policy Resource. |
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| Children and Social Exclusion .This paper assesses whether it is possible to discuss social exclusion as it relates to children in the US. John Micklewright discusses various features of US society and institutions including the measurement of poverty, analysis of children?s living standards, state versus federal responsibilities, welfare reform and the emphasis on ?personal responsibility?. "Social Exclusion and Children: A European view for a US debate" is published by the UK-based Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion. | By Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion ,UK . | Welfare and Social Security Policy Resource. |
| Social Security Reform .In this study, Karl Borden and Charles Rounds offer a proposal for the regulatory and administrative structure of individual accounts. The core of their proposal is the private retirement account (PRA). "A Proposed Legal, Regulatory, and Operational Structure for an Investment-Based Social Security System", by Karl J. Borden and Charles F. Rounds Jr, is published by the Cato Institute. | By Cato Institute ,UK . | Welfare and Social Security Policy Resource. |
| Welfare Reform: Tax Credits .In 2003 the UK government will introduce two major new welfare reforms: an Integrated Child Credit for families with children - which will act as a type of minimum income guarantee for children; and an employment tax credit - an in-work benefit designed to tackle in-work poverty. This paper assesses the proposals and concludes that: work incentives will generally increase, though second earners in some couples may be less well off in work; around 3.3 million families will receive a boost to their income; but that the impact on poverty will be small as poverty amongst families without children is concentrated amongst those not working full time and amongst the young, groups which will not be eligible for the new credit. "Credit Where It's Due?: An Assessment of the New Tax Credits", by Mike Brewer, Tom Clark and Michal Myck is published by the Institute for Fiscal Studies. | By Institute for Fiscal Studies. ,UK . | Welfare and Social Security Policy Resource. |
| Asset Based Welfare .The UK Government proposes to introduce a Child Trust Fund - a lump sum payment for each child at birth invested and locked away until adulthood, and a Savings Gateway - a savings account for those on low incomes where savings will be matched with government contributions. This paper provides a critique of the proposals: arguing that the aims of the Child Trust Fund are confused, that many of the target group for the Savings Gateway have very good reasons for not saving, and the scheme will suffer from a high degree of deadweight as people with existing savings move their money into the matching accounts. By Carl Emmerson and Matthew Wakefield of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. UK | By Institute for Fiscal Studies. , UK . | Welfare and Social Security Policy Resource. |
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